Arteriosclerosis is defined as the narrowing of blood vessels due to the accumulation of plaque deposits. When this occurs in the coronary arteries, it is referred to as coronary artery disease (CAD). In this context, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) represents a novel treatment method and an alternative to other treatment methods, such as uncoated balloon catheters or stent implantations. The Austrian Institute for Health Technology Assessment (AIHTA) conducted a systematic review to analyze the comparative evidence of PTCA with DEB. The analysis yielded evidence suggesting an additional benefit in certain indications, particularly in cases of in-stent restenosis (ISR).