For decades Cervical carcinoma used to be diagnosed by Pap testing (a morphological evaluation of stained cervical cells). Based on new scientific findings, which could establish a causal connection of the tumorigenesis with a persistent infection with human (high-risk) papillomaviruses, new test methods (based on the detection of these viruses in extracted cells of the cervix) were developed.
Against this background, the aim of this report was to provide a basis for decision-making for the implementation of the HPV test in cervical carcinoma screening in Austria.

First, the international evidence on the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of HPV-based cervical cancer screening programs was summarised and an overview of recommendations in the European context was compiled. Furthermore, the existing cervical carcinoma screening strategy in Austria was examined and evaluated on the basis of the quality criteria of the European Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening. In addition, the organisational and logistical requirements for the implementation of an HPV test in cervical cancer screening in Austria were examined. A major chapter in the report addressed the budgetary impact of preselected cervical carcinoma screening strategies that incorporated a different form of HPV test.

Conclusion: For the implementation of the HPV test as a primary test (independent of whether as a singular test or as a co-test) in Austria, a transformation of the opportunistic screening into an organised screening programme would be necessary, including a precise definition of the target population and the screening interval. The biggest benefit for women, albeit with higher costs, is expected to be a primary test in an organised screening programme from 30 years of age and a 3-year screening interval.